Dictionary of Islamic philosophical terms

<body> <font face="Berling Antiqua" size="7" color="#ff0000"><p ALIGN="CENTER"></font><font face="Berling Antiqua" color="#ff0000" size="6">A Dictionary of </font><font face="Berling Antiqua" color="#008040" size="6">Muslim Philosophy</font><font FACE="Berling Antiqua" COLOR="#008000" size="6"></p> </font><p style="margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px"><font SIZE="5"><i><b>Introduction:</b></i></font></p> <blockquote> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px">        This dictionary is an aid to the readers of Muslim philosophical works many of which are in Arabic. It includes most of the terminology that was developed by Muslim philosophers in their works and the terms that they borrowed -and sometimes translated- from the Greek philosophical works. Also included are concepts that are Islamic but of a philosophical nature and were used by Muslim philosophers. Strictly Fiqhi (including Islamic concepts) and Sufi terminology are not included in this dictionary. </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px">        The dictionary also includes the Arabized names of the philosophers and scientist of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Origin -namely those that worked with Greek works of science, mathematics and philosophy. </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px">        At times it only includes the names of the non-Muslim scholars and little else, as very little is known about them. Also the Greek schools of thoughts are included and briefly defined. There are philosophers and ideas that were erroneously attributed by the philosophers who worked in Arabic -Muslim and non-Muslim- and that is brought to light. An example of this is some the works of Poltinus was attributed to Aristotle. </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px">        This dictionary is exclusively based on the work by Prof. M. Saeed Sheikh "<em>Dictionary of Muslim Philosophy</em>" published by the Institute of Islamic Culture -of Lahore, Pakistan- first published in 1970. </p> </blockquote> <font SIZE="5"><i><b><p style="margin-bottom: 0px">Using the Dictionary:</p> </b></i></font><blockquote> <p style="NORMAL" align="left"><font size="3">At the bottom of this page you will find the <a href="#list">Arabic alphabet</a>. select the letter and that will open up the page with list of definitions.</font> Note all the links on this (frame free) page will open up new windows. Please note that when you are done with a page just close it. Do not use the button on the bottom of the definitions page as that will take you the frames version of the dictionary. This page will stay open in order that you may navigate the dictionary from it. If this page should take a long time to load it is because it it loading up the graphic representation of the Arabic alphabet. For the frames version <a href="index.html" target="_blank"><em>click here</em></a>.<em></p> <ul> <li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px" align="left"><font size="3"><font color="#FF0000">For a complete listing of the terms in this dictionary in English transliteration <a target="_blank" href="d-terms.htm">click here</a>.</font><font color="#008040"> </font></font></p> </li> <li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px" align="left"><font size="3"><font color="#008040">For a complete listing of the terms in this dictionary in Arabic</font> <a target="_blank" href="aalist.htm">click here</a>.</font></p> </li> <li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px" align="left"><font size="3">For a copy of the original preface of the book<a href="p-dmp.htm" target="_blank"> click here</a>.</font></p> </li> <li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px" align="left"><font size="3">For more information regarding Islamic philosophy <a href="../ip/default.htm">click here</a>.</font></p> </li> </ul> <font size="3"><i><b> </blockquote> </b></i><p style="margin-bottom: 0px"></font><i><font SIZE="5"><b>Primary Sources of Reference: <ol> </b></font> <li>Tarifat</i> by Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jurjani, (Beirut: Matkabat Lebanon, 1978).</li> <i> <li>Mafatih al-Ulum</i> by Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khawarizmi.</li> <i> <li>Maqasid al-Falasifah</i><font FACE="Times New Roman"> by Imam Ghazali (ed. S. Duyna, Dar al-Maraif Cairo, 1960).</li> </font><i> <li>Kashf Istilahat al-Funun </i>by Muhammad Ali bin Ali at-Tahwani, (Beirut: Dar Sadr, 1961).</li> </ol> <i><font SIZE="5"><b><p style="margin-bottom: 0px">Supplementary Texts: <ol> </b></font> <li>Al-Fhirist</i> by al-Nadim. <i><font SIZE="2">(The work is in Arabic and has been translated into English by the late B. Dodge).</li> </font> <li>Tarikh al-Hukama</i> by Al-Qifti.</li> <i> <li>Uyun al-Anba if Tabaqat al-Atibba</i> by Ibn abi Usaibiah.</li> <i> <li>Mustalihat Falsafi Sadr ad-Din Shirazi</i> by Sayyid Jafar Sajjadi.</li> <i> <li>al-Mu'jam al-Falsafi</i> by Jamil Salibah, (Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubanani, 1982).</li> <i> <li>Studies in the History of Arabic Logic</i> by Nicholas Rescher.</li> <i> <li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px">Lexique del la Langue Philosophique d Ibn Sina</i> by A. M. Goichon<font SIZE="2">.</p> </li> </ol> <p ALIGN="center"><em><font SIZE="2"><i>Any questions or comments please e-mail me.</i></font></em></p> <p ALIGN="center"><em><font SIZE="2"><i> </i></font></em><a href="mailto:webmaster@muslimphilosophy.com"><img src="../mih/rad/parchbt2.jpg" alt="E-mail: Muhammad Hozien" align="center" border="0" width="73" height="49"></a></p> <p><a name="list">Here is a list of the Arabic Letters, click on the letter to go to the page containing the definitions:</a> </p> <p><small><small><small> <a href="d-26.htm" target="_blank"><img SRC="aa/image17.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Yah" width="21" height="24"></a></small></small></small><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-25.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image18.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Hah" width="20" height="20"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-24.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image19.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Waw" width="13" height="23"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-23.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image20.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Nun" width="17" height="21"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-22.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image21.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Mim" width="13" height="26"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-21.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image22.gif" BORDER="0" alt="lam" width="16" height="29"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-20.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image23.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Kaf" width="18" height="26"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-19.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image24.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Qaf" width="22" height="28"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-18.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image25.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Fah" width="30" height="27"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-17.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image26.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Aah" width="22" height="32"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-16.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image27.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Tah" width="21" height="28"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-15.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image28.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Dad" width="31" height="30"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><small><small><small> <a href="d-14.htm" target="_blank"><img SRC="aa/image3.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Sad" width="32" height="25"></a></small></small></small><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-13.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image4.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Sheen" width="26" height="26"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-12.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image5.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Seen" width="26" height="21"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-11.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image6.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Zayn" width="16" height="27"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-10.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image7.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Raa" width="13" height="21"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-9.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image8.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Dhal" width="17" height="23"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-8.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image9.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Dal" width="17" height="22"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-7.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image10.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Khaa" width="23" height="32"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-6.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image11.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Haa" width="21" height="27"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-<a href="d-5.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image12.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Jeem" width="22" height="25"></small></small></small></a>-<a href="d-4.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image13.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Tha" width="29" height="23"></small></small></small></a>-</font><a href="d-3.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image14.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Taa" width="28" height="22"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><a href="d-2.htm" target="_blank"><small><small><small><img SRC="aa/image15.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Bah" width="31" height="27"></small></small></small></a><font FACE="Transliteration 1" size="3">-</font><small><small><small><a href="d-1.htm" target="_blank"><img SRC="aa/image16.gif" BORDER="0" alt="Alef" width="7" height="40"></a></small></small></small></p> <p><small><small><small>Site is also linked by:</small></small></small></p> <p><a href="http://www.epistemelinks.com"><img border="0" src="aa/elcgems.jpg" width="131" height="62"></a>   <a href="http://www.academicinfo.net"><img border="0" src="../images/academicinfo1.gif" width="100" height="60"></a></p> </font></em> <ul> <li> <p 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