1206

In Arabic linguistic usage, the non-Arabs designated by the term 'ajam are primarily Persians. From the title of Ibn Khaldun's History (see 1:13, above), one may perhaps conclude that in his mind 'Ajam were mainly eastern non-Arabs, whereas the word Berber, as the most prominent group of western non-Arabs, stands for the latter. But cf. also 1:57, above.

1207

Cf. Issawi, pp. 61-64.

1208

Cf. 2:378 and 382 f., above.

1209

The references given in Concordance, I, 270a, 1, 24, refer to different elaborations of the same theme.

1210

The expression of this fear is ascribed to as early a figure as the caliph 'Umar b. 'Abd-al-'Aziz. Cf. F. Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, p. 226. Ibn Khaldun may have in mind the story about Malik and al-Mansur. Cf. 1:34, above; also p. 325, below.

1211

Cf. 2:448 f., above.

1212

Cf. pp. 345 f., below.

1213

Cf. 2:353 f., above.

1214

Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. as-Sari, who died ca. 311 [929]. Cf. GAL, I, 110; Suppl., I, 170. For the other two scholars, cf. pp. 323 and 361, below.

1215

The remainder of the sentence appears only in C and D. D omits: "and the regions beyond."

1216

Lit., "people of Firs." * Cf. Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, II, 297, 420, 422, 469.

1217

The reference may be to 1:60, above. Cf. also pp. 410 f., below.

1218

Cf. R. Dozy in Journal asiatique, XIV 6 (1869), 170 f.

1219

Cf. 1:459 f., above.

1220

Cf. R. Dozy, loc. cit.

1221

Cf. Autobiography, p. 246; above, 1:lviii.

1222

Cf. p. 117, above.

1223

Cf. Bombaci, p. 467, and above, p. 148.

1224

Qur'an 3.47 (42), etc., and Qur'an 2.163 (158), etc.