1191

Cf. Issawi, p. 161.

1192

Cf., for instance, 1:257, above.

1193

Cf. Qur'an 95.5 (5).

1194

Cf. Issawi, p. 61.

1195

Cf. 1:275 and 288, above.

1196

This vocalization is indicated in B, C, and D. However, no such word in the meaning required seems to exist in Arabic dictionaries. Is it, perhaps, a dialectical variant of Arabic khurq "charlatanry, foolishness," or a Spanish or Northwest African dialectical expression?

1197

Cf. 1:261, above.

1198

Apparently, Ibn Khaldun interprets this statement to demand that "discipline" (which may mean "education" or "corporal punishment") should be applied only where^- it is stipulated by the religious law, and not freely meted out by teachers. Actually, it seems to mean that where the religious law prescribes no punishment, none will result in the other world for the individual involved.

Cf. 1:260, above.

1199

Khalaf died between 796 and 805; cf. GAL, Suppl., I, III. Ibn Khaldun's quotation is derived from al-Mas'udi, Muruj adh-dhahab (Paris, 1861-77), VI, 921 f. Cf. also al-Bayhaqi, al-Mahasin wa-l-masawi, ed. Schwally (Giessen, 1902), p. 617, and ash-Sharishi, Sharh al-Maqamat (Cairo, 1906/1889), II, 900.

1200

That is, his 'Abbisid relatives.