1180

Cf. 2:430, above.

1181

Cf. 1:xxxv f., above.

1182

Cf. 2:378, above.

1183

Cf. pp. 394 f., below.

1184

Cf. 1:446, and p. 285 (n. 1123), above. His views on education, from his Maraqi az-zulfa, are quoted by I. Goldziher in his article, "Education," in Hastings' Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, V, 206a. Progressive views on education comparable to those quoted here, are found expressed in the early period of Muslim civilization in the Nawadir al falasifah by the famous Hunayn b. Ishaq, where he described what he considered to be the curriculum of Greek education.

1185

Lit., "he repeated (old things) and brought forth new (original ideas)." Thus, one might translate: "which says everything." Cf. also R. Dozy, Supplement aux dictionnaires arabes, II, 186a.

1186

Cf. 2:402, above, and pp. 341, 367, 374, and 410, below.

1187

Cf. pp. 945 f., below, and elsewhere.

1188

Cf. p. 294, above.

1189

For this often-used phrase, cf., for instance, F. Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, p. 297. Cf. also the rather different application of the idea in the verse:

Only the folly of youth is life,

And when it is gone, the folly of wine.

Cf at-Tawhidi, al-Imta' wa-l-mu'anasah (Cairo, 1959 44), 11, 180.

1190

Qur'an 13.41 (41).