131

This translation is based upon the reading wa-taga`u, which seems indicated in C. If one adopts the reading wa-yaqa'u, the translation would have to be: "(Those differences) occur . . . the various subdivisions (of sedentary culture)."

132

Cf. Issawi, p. 90.

133

Cf. 1:46 f., and p. 102, above, and p. 352, below.

134

For the following discussion, cf. also pp. 349 ff., below.

135

The reference to the Rum is added in the margin of C and in the text of D.

136

Cf 'Ibar, VI, 110, 119; de Slane (tr.), I, 216f., 237 (and 360); H. Terrasse, Histoire du Maroc, I, 99 f.

137

Cf. 1:315 (n. 6), above.

138

Cf. 1:xxxv f., above.

139

Cf. pp. 104 and 107, above, and pp. 300 and 805, below.

140

Qur'an 13.41 (41).