327

Cf., for instance, pp. 387 and 399, above.

328

The men of the shura were `Uthman, `All, Talhah, az-Zubayr, Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas, and 'Abd-ar-Rahman b. 'Awf. Of the ten men to whom Paradise was guaranteed (cf. n. 165 to Ibn Khaldun's Introduction, above), Sa'id b. Zayd, usually considered to have been one of them, was also still alive when 'Uthman became caliph.

329

That is, when the appointments of 'Umar and of 'Uthman were decided.

330

Cf. pp. 422 f., above, and pp. 434 f., below.

331

Cf. p. 405, above.

331a

Ibn Qutaybah, 'Uyun, I, 9, ascribes a similar remark to the caliph 'Abd-al-Malik b. Marwin, who said: "Be fair to me, 0 my subjects. You want me to act like Abu Bakr and 'Umar, while you do not act like the sub­jects of Abu Bakr and 'Umar...."

332

Cf. pp. 324 ff, above.

333

Cf., for instance, Qur'an 22.56 (55).

334

Cf. al-Bukhari, Sahih, I, 41; Handbook, p. 161a.

335

As reported in all the historians. Cf., for instance, at-Tabari, Annales, I, 2777; Ibn Hisham, Sirah, p. 1010.

336

The beginning of this sentence is not found in Bulaq and B, but appears in A, C, and D.

337

Cf. Handbook, p. 1b.

338

Cf. p. 402, above.

339

Cf. also p. 450, below.

340

Cf. p. 444, below.

341

The last sentence is not found in Bulaq or Paris.

342

This is a well-known legal maxim. Cf. also J. Schacht, The Origins of Muslim Jurisprudence, p. 128.

343

Or Mukhallad (?). Cf. Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib, X, 148.

344

Cf. at-Tabari, Annales, I, 3167.

345

In general, the Mu'tazilah held to the theory that both parties were wrong. Cf. H. S. Nyberg in EI, s.v. "al-Mu'tazila."

346

Cf. p. 437, above.

347

And has no consequence upon one's welfare in the other world.

348

Cf. at-Tabarl, Annales, II, 329. The argument is that if al-Husayn had disapproved of the attitude of these men, he would not have referred to their opinion of him as authoritative.

349

 The word "correct" is found in C but deleted there. It appears in D.

350

Cf. n. 98 to Ibn Khaldun's Introduction, above.

351

That is, Yazid's henchmen, who are to be distinguished from the men around Muhammad who were with Yazid.

352

Who did not help al-Husayn but did not do the actual fighting, the guilt for which rests only upon Yazid and his henchmen.

353

Mubammad b. 'Abdallah, 469-546 [1076/77-1148]. Cf. GAL, I, 412 f.; Suppl., I, 632 f., 792 f. Cf. also below, n. 1123 to Ch. vi, and 3:303. The statement shocked some later scholars; cf. F. Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, p. 299. It is contained in the selection from Ibn al-'Arabi's work published under the title of al-'Awalim min al-gawasim (Cairo, 1971/1952), p. 292.

354

Cf. p. 440, above.

355

Cf. p. 423, above.

356

Cf. al-Bukhari, Sahih, II, 416; IV, 124. Cf. also F. Rosenthal, op. cit., p. 256.33, Cf. G. Surdon and L. Bercher, Recueil de testes ... , pp. 76-85.