51

Cf. Issawi, pp. 111-13.

52

Uthmins governor of Egypt, who tried to conquer Tripolitania shortly after 647.

53

Cf. n. 939 to Ch. 1, above. The statement is repeatedly quoted in the 'Ibar; cf. VI, 12, 103, 110; de Slane (tr.), 1, 28, 198, 215.

54

This is a play on words, connecting Ifrigiyah with the Arabic root f-r-q "to divide." Cf. also 3:474, below; al-Balidhuri, Futuh al-buldan, p. 226.

55

Cf. p. 474, below.

56

Qur'an 12.21 (21). 994

57

Qur'an 3.97 (92).