36

Qur'an 90.10 (10).

37

Qur'an 91.8 (8).

38

Cf. Issawi, pp. 105 f.

39

Iffah is the term picked by translators of Greek texts into Arabic for swfrosunh.

The verse is by al-Mutanabbi'; cf. the appendix to the edition of his Diwan (Beirut, 1882), II, 690, and ar-Raghib al-Isfahini, Muhddarat, I, 140.

40

That is, a general state of unpreparedness.

41

The remainder of this section was translated by R. A. Nicholson, Translations of Eastern Poetry and Prose, pp. 181 f.

42

Here the text has 'asabiyah "group feeling," though 'usbah "group" would seem better.

43

Qur'an 12.14 (14).

44

Cf. R. Dozy in Journal asiatique, XIV 6 (1869), 152 f.