1

The whole chapter is translated in G. Surdon and L. Bercher, Recueil de textes de sociologie (Algiers, 1951), pp. 7-57.

2

Cf. Issawi, pp. 80 f.

3

Cf. pp. lxxxi and 85, above.

4

Cf. G. E. von Grunebaum, "as-Sakkaki on Milieu and Thought," Journal of the American Oriental Society, LXV (1945), 62.

5

Cf. also p. 339, below.